JOB VACANCY SPG GAJI BESAR

 cancer cells promoted ageing and exhaustion of the immune system, a process known as senescence.

The researchers said that this process can prevent immune cells from killing more cancer cells and favours leukaemia growth.

Sergio Rutella, director of the John van Geest Cancer Research Centre at Nottingham Trent University, said: “The immune system does not work as it should in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

“We have found that immune cells are functionally exhausted and that this associates with poor response to treatment.

“Although many patients have had their lives extended using drugs that act on immune cells, oncologists need to better predict who will respond and why.

“There is an urgent need to move away from a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach and to develop more rational, biology-driven therapies that take a patient’s own genetic make-up into consideration.”

As part of the study, the researchers identified a genetic signature of immune dysfunction and they were able to distinguish between high and low levels of tumour-induced exhaustion.

The study found that survival rates of people with highly exhausted immune cells and who had undergone chemotherapy was on average more than seven months shorter than that of those with low levels of cell exhaustion.

In addition, patients with highly exhausted immune cells had been less likely to respond to immunotherapy than other patients, surviving for a little more than four months while those with low levels of exhaustion survived for more than 15.

The researchers argue that while immunotherapy — the process of using a person’s own immune system to fight cancer — is a standard treatment for many forms of cancer, the method has so far yielded disappointing results for patients with AML.

It is hoped the findings could help better predict which patients will respond better to treatment, and that it could pave the way to finding novel ways of reinvigorating the immune system and tackling the poor function of the immune cells responding to AML.

It could also lead to the development of more personalised treatments for those patients who are most likely to benefit and can stay in remission, the researchers say.

The study, which also involved Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Technische Universitat Dresden in Germany and the Princess Margaret Cancer Centr