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 Even as law enforcement officials said on Friday that they hadn’t confirmed a motive, one person briefed on the attack said the assailant was searching for Speaker Pelosi. Before the assault occurred, the intruder confronted Mr. Pelosi, shouting, “Where is Nancy? Where are you, Nancy?”

The words were eerily similar to the threats made against Ms. Pelosi as a mob loyal to former President Donald J. Trump stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, breaking into her office as her staff barricaded themselves in an interior room.

“Where are you, Nancy? We’re looking for you!” one man shouted that day, as the mob rampaged through the building. “Nancy! Oh, Nancy! Where are you, Nancy?”

Shortly after the Jan. 6 attack, the F.B.I. arrested a man in Washington for threatening to assassinate Ms. Pelosi, after he said he wanted to put a “bullet” in her head on live television.

A toxic stream of online conspiracy theories has fueled the rise in threats, including the QAnon movement, misinformation about the 2020 election and fear-mongering about vaccines and immigrants.

In the five years since Mr. Trump was elected in 2016, the number of recorded threats against members of Congress increased more than tenfold, to 9,625 in 2021, according to the Capitol Police. Many lawmakers say they live with a sense of dread after experiencing their own horror stories, such as the time someone smashed a window at a politician’s home or when an angry man showed up with a gun.

In San Francisco, the attack forced the shutdown of the stately block in Pacific Heights where the Pelosis live, as the police cordoned off the area with crime-scene tape and patrol cars with flashing lights.

The neighborhood is one of the most affluent in a city suffused with Silicon Valley wealth. Many residents pay a private service, Pacific Heights Security, to protect their homes at night, supplementing the city police.

Pantea Grover, 40, was leaving her house across the street from the Pelosi residence at around 8 a.m., on her way to a gym. She said she was rattled by the attack, not only because she felt bad for Mr. Pelosi but also because it contributed to residents’ ongoing concerns about crime.

“We know Paul, we think he’s an absolute great guy,” Ms. Grover said. “This is just so sad and frustrating at this point.”